The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck that has a huge impact on our overall health. It produces thyroid hormones that regulate critical bodily functions like metabolism, heart rate, temperature regulation, growth, and development.
When the thyroid produces too many or too few hormones, you develop a thyroid disorder. These conditions are common, especially among women, and can cause uncomfortable symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, trouble concentrating, and more.
Hypothyroidism - This is when the thyroid doesn't produce enough hormones. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, and hair loss. It's usually treated with synthetic thyroid medication.
Hyperthyroidism - This is when the thyroid is overactive and produces too much hormone. Some symptoms are unexplained weight loss, rapid heartbeat, tremors, and irritability. Treatments can include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, or surgery.
Thyroid nodules - These are lumps that develop in or on the thyroid. Most are noncancerous (benign), but some can be cancerous. Your doctor will likely perform tests like an ultrasound, biopsy, or thyroid scan to evaluate any nodules.
Thyroid cancer - This type of cancer starts in the thyroid gland. Signs can include a lump, swelling, pain, and changes in voice. Treatments may involve surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy.
Thyroiditis - This means thyroid inflammation. Causes range from viral infections and autoimmune disorders to pregnancy. Symptoms can come and go, and treatment depends on the underlying cause.
If you suspect a thyroid problem, make an appointment with your healthcare provider right away. They can check for signs of thyroid dysfunction and help diagnose any underlying conditions. Proper treatment can ease symptoms and reduce the risk of complications linked to long-term thyroid imbalance.
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